Thinking of Moving to Spain from the US After Election Day? Read this first!
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Are you feeling the weight of the high cost of living, limited access to healthcare, or rising insecurity in the US?
You’re not alone.
Following the 2024 election results, I have seen a massive spike in people coming to my blog searching for answers to How to move to Spain from the US.
If you wonder if Spain could be your next chapter, this guide is the perfect starting point.
I will be brutally honest and paint a real picture of what to expect when moving to Spain, so you can make an informed decision and navigate your transition smoothly.
Can a U.S. Citizen Just Move to Spain? - What You Need to Know First
Not really. Initially, you can stay in Spain for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa. However, to stay longer, securing a visa and residency permit is a must.
Whilst moving to Spain from the U.S. can feel like chasing a dream, it’s essential to be fully prepared for the reality of the process. U.S. citizens must navigate complex residency requirements.
This process may involve more paperwork than you’d expect—be ready for a true test of patience. But beyond the bureaucratic hurdles, one of the most common (and costly) mistakes expats make is not understanding when they officially become tax residents in Spain. You don’t need to formally register as a resident to be liable for Spanish taxes—if you spend more than 183 days in Spain within a calendar year, you are automatically considered a tax resident.
What does this mean in practice? It means you may need to declare and pay taxes on your worldwide income—including rental income, investments, or business earnings from the U.S. Even if you stay under the 183-day threshold, you could still be considered a Spanish tax resident if your main economic interests or family ties are in Spain. Many expats assume they will only be taxed on income earned in Spain, only to be hit with unexpected tax bills on their foreign pensions, investments, or rental properties.
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Get Started NowSpain's Residency Pathways - How to Get Started
Spain provides several residency pathways for U.S. citizens. Popular options include the non-lucrative visa, ideal for retirees or those with independent income (but prohibits working), and the Golden Visa for significant investors.
A student visa is one of the most straightforward options for moving to Spain for over 180 days. It allows you to stay legally while studying and can sometimes lead to other residency options later.
For remote workers, the Digital Nomad Visa has emerged as a strong alternative, allowing expats to live in Spain while working for non-Spanish companies. However, it comes with strict income and employment eligibility requirements, and U.S. citizens often face additional hurdles proving social security contributions, which can complicate the application process.
Most visas require applications at a Spanish consulate in the U.S., and once approved, you’ll have to complete more steps upon arrival, such as registering for a TIE (foreign identity card) and obtaining a local empadronamiento (residency registration).
The process can feel endless, so prepare yourself mentally and logistically for delays and multiple rounds of documentation.
Choosing the wrong visa—or failing to understand its restrictions—can lead to rejection, legal issues, or unexpected tax obligations. For example, many expats on a Non-Lucrative Visa unknowingly continue working remotely for their foreign employer, which violates visa conditions and can result in fines or even deportation.
If you’re planning to move to Spain, thoroughly researching visa requirements and restrictions before applying is crucial—making the wrong choice can set you back months or even years in your relocation plans.
The Essential NIE and TIE Process - Your Guide to Spain’s Identification Cards
The NIE (Numero de Identidad de Extranjero) and TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) are essential for navigating life in Spain.
I recall spending weeks trying to get my NIE sorted—I kept being sent to different places and getting mixed information.
Without your NIE/TIE, life is in limbo; renting an apartment, opening a bank account, or even getting a phone plan becomes nearly impossible.
To obtain your NIE (or Foreigner Identification Number) in Spain, you will need to follow specific procedures set by the authorities. This includes submitting the necessary documentation, such as:
Completed application form;
Proof of residence or reason for application;
Payment of the corresponding fee.
It is advisable to start this process as soon as possible to avoid delays in legal matters or bureaucratic procedures during your stay in Spain.
The TIE, which is the foreigner identity card, serves as an identification document and allows you to legally reside in Spain.
To apply for your TIE, you will need to gather the necessary documentation, such as a valid passport, proof of residence, and a completed application form.
The True Cost of Living in Spain - Budgeting Tips and Realities
Before moving to Spain, I, like many others, was charmed by the seemingly affordable cost of living compared to major U.S. cities. However, if you end up earning a local salary, you may quickly find that it’s not as comfortable as expected.
Barcelona, where I live, has one of the highest cost-of-living-to-salary ratios in Spain. Despite a relatively lower cost of dining out and transportation, rent and utilities eat up a significant portion of most people’s earnings.
On top of that, taxes in Spain vary significantly by region, and choosing where to live can have major financial implications. For instance, Madrid has no wealth tax, making it attractive for high-net-worth individuals, while Catalonia and the Balearic Islands impose some of the highest wealth taxes in the country. Inheritance and property taxes also vary, so understanding regional tax laws before settling down is essential—what seems like an affordable move could come with unexpected tax burdens.
One option to explore is to work for international companies based in Spain as they might offer higher salaries.
Now let’s talk about accommodation, which I believe after finding a job is one of the biggest considerations when moving to Spain.
As I write this article, we are in the early stages of what is expected to be a long recession. In the last couple of months, the cost of rent in Barcelona where I currently live has been rising like crazy.
Although it’s worth mentioning that regardless of the recession and higher cost of living, renting in Barcelona has become less affordable over the past couple of years.
Below are some ballpark prices to rent in and outside of Barcelona.
1-bedroom apartment in the city center: 1,200 €
1-bedroom apartment outside of the city center: 980 €
2-bedroom apartment in the city center: 1,831.58 €
2-bedroom apartment outside of the city center: 1,500.82 €
With housing costs soaring and tax implications varying by region, it’s more important than ever to research both cost of living and tax policies before deciding where to live in Spain. If you have substantial assets or investment income, consulting a tax advisor can help you optimize your financial situation and avoid unexpected costs.
Navigating the Spanish Housing Market - What to Expect When Renting or Buying
Have you heard of the housing crisis in Spain?
It’s no joke.
Major cities like Barcelona and Madrid face intense challenges, with young people struggling to move out of their parent’s homes and locals being priced out of their neighborhoods.
This makes the competition for housing extremely fierce.
When I began my search for a rental in Barcelona, it was difficult to even secure a viewing. On the rare occasions I did, the apartments were often packed with potential tenants. I remember visiting a small, overpriced flat in Poble Sec with more than a dozen other hopeful renters in one day. Without a solid strategy—like having all your documents ready, responding quickly to listings, and even offering a few months' rent upfront—securing a decent apartment can feel nearly impossible. While renovated apartments are available, they often come at a premium or push you to the outskirts of the city.
In the end, I found a solution by moving to an area just outside of Barcelona. There, I was able to rent a newly built apartment at a more reasonable price.
This compromise gave me a balance of affordability and comfort that I couldn’t find in the city center, but I know this is not a compromise everyone is willing to make. If you’re thinking of moving to Spain, be prepared—doing your research and understanding how the market works can save you from costly mistakes.
You need to pick your battles as they say …
And for buyers, things aren’t necessarily easier. Many first-time property buyers overlook hidden costs like Spain’s Property Transfer Tax (Impuesto de Transmisiones Patrimoniales - ITP), which varies widely by region. For example, purchasing a €300,000 property in Madrid could result in an €18,000 tax bill (6% ITP), while in Catalonia, the same purchase could cost €30,000 in taxes (10% ITP)—a €12,000 difference just based on location! In some regions, the tax climbs as high as 13%, adding tens of thousands to the final cost.
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Visa Options for Americans - Finding the Best Fit for Your Situation
Visa options for U.S. citizens in Spain range widely. The non-lucrative visa, while popular for retirees, can feel restrictive due to its work prohibition.
The Golden Visa offers more flexibility but requires a significant financial commitment, such as investing €500,000 in property.
Here are some other possibilities:
Work Visa: If you have secured employment in Spain, your employer will likely initiate the work visa application process on your behalf.
Non-Lucrative Visa (Retirement Visa): This visa is ideal for retirees with a sufficient income source, such as a pension or investment returns.
The Spanish Digital Nomad Visa: This visa enables remote workers to stay in Spain for up to a year, allowing them to work flexibly from any location while enjoying the country's offerings.
Once you've chosen your visa type, assemble the required documents. They typically include:
Valid US passport with at least 6 months remaining validity beyond your intended stay.
Completed visa application form.
Proof of sufficient financial means (bank statements, income tax returns).
Private health insurance policy covering your entire stay in Spain (more on this later!).
Criminal background check certificate.
Depending on your visa type, additional documents may be required.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Documents must be translated to Spanish by a certified/sworn translator aka traductor jurado/a.
What needs to be translated for a visa in Spain?
For all Spanish visas, you typically need to translate financial documents, proof of private health insurance, and any other supporting documents, such as medical certificates.
Tackling Bureaucracy - Tips for Managing Spanish Paperwork Like a Pro
Spain’s infamous bureaucracy can be one of the biggest challenges for newcomers. If it wasn’t for my Spanish boyfriend supporting me with the paperwork, I think I would have ended up going crazy.
I’ve spent countless hours standing in queues, repeatedly photocopying documents, and waiting weeks for appointments.
To manage this chaos, I highly recommend hiring a gestor—a professional who helps navigate paperwork. This is very common in Spain, most people also use them to fill out their taxes at the end of the fiscal year, and it is usually not too expensive.
Their expertise can save you time and sanity.
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Adapting to Life in Spain - Embracing Culture, Language, and Lifestyle
Adjusting to life in Spain requires an open mind and a willingness to adapt. One of my early lessons was distinguishing between Castellano (Spanish) and Catalan—essential in regions like Catalonia.
Although in big cities many people speak English, dealing with government offices or local businesses will require some basic level of Spanish.
The culture is welcoming, but it’s the little customs, like the late dinners and long siestas, that truly shape your day-to-day experience.
Healthcare in Spain for U.S. Expats - The Good, the Bad, and What to Watch Out For
Before you can benefit from the public system, you’ll need to register for an empadronamiento (proof of residence).
Even with a health card, navigating which local clinic you’re assigned to can be tricky. During my first experience giving birth in Spain, I dealt with a number of setbacks with public healthcare system e.g. last-minute cancelations, countless strikes, no flexible appointment time, etc.
While public healthcare is comprehensive, private insurance can be invaluable for more immediate or specialized care.
Access to the Spanish public healthcare system is typically limited to Spanish citizens, with high out-of-pocket expenses for expats. Therefore, United States citizens considering relocating to Spain should prioritize obtaining a comprehensive private health insurance plan.
Choosing the Right Insurance in Spain for US Citizens
Selecting the most suitable health insurance can feel overwhelming. Here's a breakdown of some reputable providers recognized for their exceptional coverage and value in Spain:
1. DKV
Boasting extensive coverage, a broad network of medical professionals, and additional benefits (like visa compliance and no out-of-pocket costs), DKV aims to offer a comprehensive and secure healthcare experience for expats.
2. ASISA
This provider is known for its competitive rates and offers coverage comparable to Spain's public system. They cater to various residency periods with flexible plans and multilingual support for hassle-free communication. Additionally, their global coverage ensures protection beyond Spanish borders.
3. ASSSA
Standing out with the industry's highest age limit for coverage (79 years old), they are known for competitive offerings, excellent service, and personalized support in your native language. They even assist with obtaining and adapting visa documents to meet changing requirements.
4. FEATHER
This provider is ideal for expats seeking affordable and English-friendly health insurance for obtaining visas or temporary residency permits. Their plan encompasses legal requirements and essential medical coverage, including doctor visits, medications, and ambulance services.
When making your decision, don’t forget to consider your specific healthcare needs and financial situation.
For more information on essential details to keep in mind when choosing your health insurance in Spain, click here.
Unique Considerations for US Citizens Moving to Spain
US citizens planning to travel to Spain need to be aware of some unique considerations, particularly in relation to the ETIAS travel authorisation.
The ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) is a new requirement for US citizens and other visa-exempt nationals travelling to Europe, including Spain.
As part of the Visa Waiver Program, US citizens can visit countries within the Schengen Area for up to 90 days without a visa.
However, with the implementation of ETIAS, American tourists will now need to complete an online application process before their trip.
It is important for US citizens planning to stay in Spain or any other Schengen country to understand and comply with the entry requirements set forth by the ETIAS system.
This additional step aims to enhance security measures while streamlining the travel process for visitors from visa-exempt countries like the United States.
The Pros and Cons of Living in Spain - An Honest Perspective for Future Expats
Spain offers undeniable advantages, from a slower-paced lifestyle and breathtaking landscapes to universal healthcare. However, it’s not without its downsides.
The cost of living, particularly in cities like Barcelona and Madrid, can feel disproportionate to local salaries.
Bureaucracy is persistent and often illogical, testing your patience at every step. And while the weather and culture are wonderful, you may find the paperwork and economic realities weigh heavily.
For those who crave efficiency and financial comfort, Spain may not be the ideal long-term choice.
But if you seek a more relaxed lifestyle, good quality of life, good food, and a slower pace it’s an enriching place to call home.
Final Tips and Recommendations - Preparing for Your Spanish Adventure
If you’re determined to make the move, be prepared with a comprehensive plan for visas, finances, and housing.
Build a network through expat communities to share tips and get support.
Lastly, embrace the unpredictability with an open mind and a good sense of humor.
Spain is full of charm, but it’s a charm best enjoyed when you’re ready for the occasional frustration.
Is Spain moving to Spain still an option after reading this? If so, I am here to help you make it happen!
Ready to Get Started? Schedule Your Free Consultation
To help you get started on your journey, schedule a 15-minute complimentary consultation with our recommended team of immigration experts. This call will provide you with tailored advice and outline how our services can simplify your move.
Don’t wait to make your dream of living in Spain a reality.
Schedule your free 15-minute call today and take the first step toward a smooth, successful transition!
FAQs: Moving to Spain from the US
How long can a US citizen or an American stay in Spain?
US citizens or Americans can stay in Spain for up to 90 days within 180 days without a visa. This falls under the visa waiver program for short stays in the Schengen Area countries, including Spain. If you wish to stay longer or for other purposes, you may need to apply for a visa or permit.
Can an American or US citizen work in Spain?
Yes, Americans or US citizens can work in Spain, but they will need to obtain the necessary work permit and visa to do so legally. The type of visa required will depend on the nature and duration of the work to be carried out in Spain. It is advisable to check with the Spanish consulate or embassy for specific requirements and procedures for obtaining a work permit.
📜 Living in Spain Planning Guide 📜
Before Moving to Spain
🔍 Research the visa process, residence permits, and other essential documentation early on.
💡 Did you know it’s mandatory to have official documents translated by a sworn translator? Consider hiring a translation service like Translyt for handling any official documents.
💡 Important: If you're moving from a non-European country, private health insurance is required for your visa application.
🧑⚕️ Finalize your local health insurance plan with Innoinsure for comprehensive coverage, or opt for the digital insurance services of Feather or ASSSA.
If you are a digital nomad or need travel insurance, SafetyWing provides flexible coverage for individuals living abroad.
🐕 If your pets have joined you, use Petplan for their health insurance and well-being.
Once in Spain
🏠 Use platforms like Spotahome get 15% off with code: CTSPAIN15 or Flatio to find your new home in Spain. They offer verified listings and short- to long-term rental options.
Are you on a tight budget? Check out Trusted Housesitters for free accommodation in exchange for pet sitting (Get 12% off annual memberships with code 12TRUST).
💸 Money Transfers: Set up a reliable currency exchange and transfer service like XE Money Transfer to avoid high banking fees when transferring funds internationally.
🚗 Need a rental car? Use DiscoverCars to easily compare and find the best deals for car rentals in Spain.
💡 Can you live and work in Spain without speaking Spanish?
The answer is YES! But learning Spanish will make your life so much easier. Start learning Spanish using Preply’s language tutor to learn the basics, and expect to see massive improvements within the first few months.
